South China Sea row affects Philippine interests and is not solely a US-China issue, Marcos Jnr says

Marcos Jnr says ‘misleading narratives’ deny the Philippines its independence and agency, and disregard its legitimate interests
But expecting unity from Asean on the South China Sea remains a long-standing challenge, with some members reluctant to take a stronger stance, analysts note

South China Sea

Amy Sood

Published: 7:00pm, 7 Sep 2023

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The Philippines, facing a new peak in tensions with Beijing over the South China Sea dispute, this week sought to emphasise to Asean counterparts that it viewed the row as a matter of core national interest, but observers say it was unlikely that the rest of the region would echo such rhetoric.

With tensions flaring over Beijing’s increased assertiveness in the South China Sea, leaders from Southeast Asian nations broached the subject at the biannual Asean meetings that opened in Jakarta on Tuesday.

While this year’s Asean chair, Indonesian President Joko Widodo, warned in his opening remarks on Tuesday that the bloc should not be dragged into big-power rivalry, his Philippine counterpart Ferdinand Marcos Jnr appeared to call for a less oblique stance.

Marcos Jnr said the conflict in the resource-rich waterway was not just a competition between two nations.

“The Philippines firmly rejects misleading narratives that frame the disputes in the South China Sea solely through the lens of strategic competition between two powerful countries,” he said during his intervention following Widodo’s remarks. “This not only denies us of our independence and agency, but also disregards our own legitimate interests.”

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Beijing faces backlash from neighbours over expanded territorial claims in new official map

This week’s meeting included a conference among the grouping’s national leaders as well as a separate set of so-called Asean Plus One meetings with major trading partners; a meeting with China, Japan and South Korea called Asean Plus Three; and a broader summit featuring most of the world’s major powers called the East Asia Summit.

The Philippines last month was caught in a bitter back-and-forth with China over an incident in the disputed Spratly Islands, when Chinese coastguard ships blocked and fired water cannons at Philippine vessels on a resupply mission to troops deployed on the BRP Sierra Madre vessel.

Manila had run the World War II-era ship aground there in the late 1990s to help assert Philippine sovereignty.

Then last week, the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia rejected as baseless a new edition of a “standard map” released by China that denoted its claims to sovereignty over 90 per cent of the South China Sea as well as other disputed regions, such as border areas with India and the Diaoyu Islands claimed by Japan, which calls it the Senkakus.

Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jnr at the 18th East Asia Summit as part of the 43rd Asean Summit in Jakarta on Thursday. Photo: AFP

Marcos Jnr’s comments may have been in response to some domestic chatter that his closeness to the United States is causing more issues between the Philippines and China, and consequently, in the South China Sea, said Collin Koh, a research fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) in Singapore.

“Marcos Jnr might be responding to the narrative that recent incidents were a result of the US prodding the Philippines,” Koh said. “He might have also wanted more concrete discussions on the South China Sea issues, for the possibility that the Philippines might be able to draw on Asean as a source of support.”

But expecting unity from Asean on that front has been a long-standing challenge, and Koh said the bloc had shown it had limited utility even with the recent flare-ups. “Within Asean, there are members that do not want to get embroiled in the issue,” he said.

Asean warned of ‘damaging’ impact of a non-response on South China Sea

At the summit, Marcos Jnr also warned against “hegemonic” ambitions in the South China Sea.

“As tensions and mistrust between the great powers escalate, so too does the prospect of miscalculation that threatens to engulf the region, with the severest consequences for all of us,” he said.

China has overlapping claims with several Southeast Asian nations in the South China Sea. The Southeast Asian claimants, despite some internal differences, reject Beijing’s “nine-dash line” claim to around 90 per cent of the waterway.

Prolonged negotiations over a Code of Conduct (CoC) for the disputed waters were also brought up at the Asean-China meeting attended by Chinese Premier Li Qiang.

At the summit, Li did not directly refer to the controversy stirred by Beijing’s latest release of its territorial map, saying that disagreements must be handled properly “through dialogue and consultation”.

“As long as we both keep to the right path, no matter what storm may come, China-Asean cooperation will be as firm as ever and press ahead against all odds,” Li said.

Chinese Premier Li Qiang at the Asean Plus Three summit in Jakarta on Wednesday. Photo: Kyodo

Since entering office, Marcos Jnr has taken a stronger stance on China, but maintained that cooperation with the world’s second-largest economy was necessary.

In a statement published on Thursday following Li’s meeting with Asean leaders, Marcos Jnr’s office said the Philippines would “continue to push for cooperation with China and work towards more partnerships and collaboration”.

The statement also highlighted that some progress had been made in the negotiations for the CoC held in Manila a few weeks ago.

Indonesia’s South China Sea remarks show a ‘level up’ of support for claimants

Despite the security challenges faced by several Asean member states, observers say maintaining their economic ties with China remains necessary, especially towards investments in infrastructure projects in the region.

Even though the summit showed Asean’s continued inaction on the South China Sea, Koh from RSIS said one silver lining was there were signs that member states might start making their own plans, pointing to an agreement between Vietnam and Indonesia on maritime boundaries made in December, and the potential for deeper maritime security ties between the Philippines and Vietnam.

“Some member states might see that instead of pushing for the difficult if not impossible approach of total Asean unity, maybe you can get some like-minded members on your side,” he said.