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How Thailand’s protests have emboldened school pupils to push back against authority

  • The student-led anti-government movement has inspired teens to resist institutions of power such as the military, which holds ‘seminars’ in schools
  • They are also speaking out against harassment, rules for uniforms and hairstyles, and punishment for flashing the protest three-finger salute

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Thai students flash the three-finger salute during an anti-government protest at a school in Bangkok on October 2. Pupils are calling for an end to bullying and harassment in schools, and other education reforms. Photo: EPA-EFE
As Thailand grapples with a nationwide student uprising and ongoing anti-government protests, school pupils have started to oppose what they see as harassment and authoritarianism by both their teachers and the military.
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A video clip shared on social media went viral recently after it showed a teenage schoolboy in southern Thailand saying there was “distortion” and “dramatisation” in a seminar on history and the monarchy held by the military.

“These are the topics we can learn by ourselves, without being told or asked to attend the session so that the mindset can be installed into our heads,” he said. “This is not how to make someone love their nation.”

In response, Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha ordered a review of military patriotism seminars in schools. Soon after taking power in a military coup in 2014, Prayuth drafted “12 values” for students, including love for the nation and monarchy, preserving Thai culture and respecting parents and teachers.

“I have never seen any student respond directly like this,” said Bangkok teacher Tanawat Suwannapan, 28, adding that military seminars had accelerated in the last few years.

Thamrongsak Petchlertanan, associate professor at Rangsit University’s faculty of political science, said the seminars were a long-held military tradition to “instil a set of belief and thoughts” in the youth. Recent seminars were in response to the students’ movement, “which is a shake-up to the political system that the military aims to protect”.

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Students publicly airing their views has become the new normal since Thailand’s pro-democracy protests started in July with calls for parliament to be dissolved, a new constitution and reform to the monarchy. The next major rally on October 14, the 47th anniversary of the 1973 students’ uprising, is expected to be the biggest in recent months.
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