Trump has pleaded not guilty to 40 federal counts accusing him of retaining sensitive national security documents at his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida after leaving office in 2021 and obstructing US government efforts to retrieve them.

Trump is the Republican candidate challenging US Democratic President Joe Biden, who defeated him four years ago.

Smith faces significant obstacles to getting either federal case against Trump to trial before the election. Cannon has yet to rule on several legal issues crucial to the documents case and has signalled support for Trump’s defence on some matters.

In a separate case brought by Smith involving Trump’s efforts to overturn his 2020 election loss, the US Supreme Court seems poised to recognise that former presidents have at least some immunity from prosecution over official actions.

That outcome mostly likely would further delay Trump’s election-related case as lower courts determine which allegations against him are covered by that legal shield.

Trump’s lawyers had said a trial in the documents case should not start until after the election, but also suggested an August 12 date in response to an order from Cannon to propose a timeline for the case. Smith proposed a July start date.

Trump’s lawyers have worked to delay all four criminal cases he faces.

“We’re in this absolutely unprecedented situation where a defendant is potentially going to have the power to shut down his own prosecution,” said George Washington University law professor Randall Eliason, an expert in white-collar criminal cases.

“That’s an argument for getting the case to trial before the election.”

Trump has been on trial in New York state court since April 15 on charges he unlawfully sought to conceal hush money paid to porn star Stormy Daniels before the 2016 election. He has also been charged in state court in Georgia over his attempts to overturn the 2020 election.

Trump has sought to portray all the legal cases against him as politically motivated.

The charges in the Florida case include violations of the Espionage Act, which criminalises the unauthorised possession of national defence information, as well as conspiracy to obstruct justice and making false statements to investigators.

In an April Reuters/Ipsos poll, nearly a quarter of Republican respondents and more than half of independents indicated they would not vote for Trump if a jury convicts him of a felony.

If either federal case reaches a jury before the election, it would probably be in the weeks immediately before November 5, an outcome sure to draw accusations of election interference from Trump’s legal team.

“Any judge would take pause with the idea of trying a presidential candidate a month before the presidential election,” said lawyer Kel McClanahan, who specialises in national security issues and has represented members of the intelligence community.

But a Trump win in November may mean that neither case ever reaches a jury. As president, Trump could direct the Justice Department to drop the federal charges or seek to pardon himself.

Smith’s team has pushed aggressive deadlines in the Florida case, arguing that the public has a right to a speedy trial. Prosecutor Jay Bratt told Cannon during a hearing that an autumn trial would not violate US Justice Department guidelines that prohibit taking investigative steps close to an election that could impact the outcome of the vote.

Cannon has denied two bids by Trump to dismiss the charges, but several remain pending. She also has signalled that Trump’s claims that the documents were personal records may be relevant to how she instructs the jury at a future trial, a decision that could lead to an appeal by prosecutors and more delays.