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Could China gain from Vietnam’s political infighting and ‘hardline’ tilt?

  • Vietnam’s ‘blazing furnace’ anti-corruption campaign has claimed a number of senior figures, turmoil that one analyst says is unprecedented
  • The cracks in the leadership may affect the ruling party’s ability to stand united to deal with China on the South China Sea dispute, observer says

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Illustration: Lau Ka-kuen
Three of Vietnam’s top five leaders – president Vo Van Thuong, chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam Vuong Dinh Hue and Truong Thi Mai, head of the powerful Organisation Commission of the Communist Party’s Central Committee – have stepped down for unspecified wrongdoings since March.
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They are among the six out of 18 members of the Politburo forced to resign since December 2022 as part of the “blazing furnace” anti-corruption campaign championed by party chief Nguyen Phu Trong.

The country’s former minister of public security To Lam, who is widely seen as playing a central role in the political upheaval, has been appointed president and is in a prime position to succeed Trong in the next leadership transition, along with Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh.

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Vietnam’s president Vo Van Thuong quits after just one year

Vietnam’s president Vo Van Thuong quits after just one year

While the anti-graft drive has proved popular with the public, the expanding crackdown – which ensnared thousands of people, including top officials and senior business leaders – came as Vietnam sought to benefit from the diversification of Western investment away from China.

China is expected to benefit from Vietnam’s unprecedented political turmoil amid months-long infighting and internal machinations within the ruling Communist Party, and signs of a more authoritarian tilt in Hanoi, according to observers.

Bill Hayton, an associate fellow at the Chatham House Asia-Pacific Programme, described the turmoil as “unprecedented” and said it showed politics in Vietnam was “in a permanent state of flux”.

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“We do not know if this is the end of the fight or a kind of halfway stage,” he said. “At the moment, it looks like the hardliners, notably the police generals and the Leninists, have won the battle.”

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