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From Czechia to Sri Lanka: 7 countries that changed their names, when and why

  • Swaziland changed its name to eSwatini to stop it being confused with Switzerland. No, really
  • Some rebrands were driven by politics, others by pride, while some were about asserting a nation’s new-found independence

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Rhinoceroses in Hlane Royal National Park, eSwatini. Photo: Shutterstock

Countries change their names for a variety of reasons. Sometimes it’s for political purposes or to encourage a sense of national pride. The switch might be motivated by marketing considerations and occasionally it’s the result of a royal decree. A rebranding exercise also provides a clean start after independence – the decolonisation of Africa led to a flurry of name changes: Bechuanaland became Botswana, Nyasaland was renamed Malawi, Gold Coast converted to Ghana and the country formally known as Upper Volta emerged as Burkina Faso.

Here are seven other nations that have tinkered with their titles.

eSwatini

To celebrate Swaziland’s 50th anniversary of independence from British rule, in 2018, King Mswati III announced that southern Africa’s smallest country would now be known as the Kingdom of eSwatini, mean­ing Land of the Swazis. The monarch, who came to power in 1986, said that besides shedding traces of its colonial past, the name change would stop foreigners confusing the landlocked nation with Switzerland. Trivia buffs will be interested to learn that eSwatini is the only country that begins with a lower-case letter.

Visit: game parks are big business in tiny eSwatini. Hlane Royal National Park is home to lions, elephants, giraffes, zebras and hippos, and recognised for its record on rhino conservation. Mountain biking, horse riding, white-water rafting and hiking in the highlands are all popular pursuits. In fact, you could almost be in, er, Switzerland.

The botanical gardens in Pyin U Lwin, Myanmar. Photo: Shutterstock
The botanical gardens in Pyin U Lwin, Myanmar. Photo: Shutterstock

Myanmar

In 1989, the military government changed Burma to Myanmar on the grounds that the former refers only to its largest ethnic group, the Bamar or Burmans, rather than embracing all 135 indigenous communities. Internal place names were also changed: Rangoon became Yangon and Irrawaddy is now Ayeyarwady, for example. In 2008, another tweak resulted in the country converting to the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. State counsellor and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi prefers to call her homeland Burma but says she uses Myanmar from time to time, to make others feel comfortable.
Tim Pile
Tim Pile has written more than 300 travel articles for the South China Morning Post. He has been to over 100 countries and has a Master’s degree in Tourism Environment and Development.
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