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All about washi: Japanese handmade paper’s ancient Chinese roots, its uses from writing to home decor, and why it can cost US$120 a sheet

  • In Japan, washi is used for writing poetry, umbrella making, decorating homes, Buddhist rituals and more. The traditional paper originated in Han dynasty China
  • We look at the ancient techniques of the Unesco-recognised craft, what the paper symbolises and where in Tokyo you can make it – and buy it for a pretty penny

Reading Time:4 minutes
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Sheets of Hosokawa-shi, a type of Japanese washi recognised by Unesco as an item of intangible cultural heritage. The handmade paper can cost US$120 a sheet. We look at its history, uses and how it is made. Photo: Getty Images

Many of us take what were once luxuries for granted – clean water from our taps, a warm bed or a hot meal, for example.

So it may not cross our minds what a luxury commodity paper was only a few hundred years ago – especially in Japan, where it was used not only for books but also home decor and religious rituals.

Washi, traditional Japanese handmade paper, has a fascinating history that goes back more than 1,000 years. Its name in Japanese is an amalgam of the words wa, meaning Japanese, and shi, meaning paper.

The origins of washi can be traced back to ancient China, where papermaking techniques were developed during the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD).

A kimono-clad Japanese woman writes on a paper scroll, circa 1897. Photo: Getty Images
A kimono-clad Japanese woman writes on a paper scroll, circa 1897. Photo: Getty Images

The art gradually made its way to Japan, where it was probably introduced by Chinese artisans and monks who brought Buddhist texts and teachings with them. By the 7th century, Japanese artisans had learned the skill of papermaking and begun to develop their own distinct style.

Aristocrats in Japan’s Heian period (794AD-1185AD) had a soft spot for classical Japanese poetry (waka), Chinese poetry, calligraphy and picture scrolls – all of which required a great deal of paper. This led to a significant increase in the number of places producing washi.
Lisa Cam
Lisa is the host and producer of SCMP's Eat Drink Asia video series and enjoys reporting all things about food, travel and anything in between. At the end of the day, she likes nothing more than kicking back with a good dose of true crime podcasts and cooking tried-and-true recipes from sticky old cookbooks.
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