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Black fungus and coronavirus in India: a warning of the next health disaster

  • Threats from fungi are much more widespread than most of us recognise. Worse, an alarming number of fungi are now drug-resistant, in part because the existing antifungal drugs are widely used in pesticides and household paints

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A suspected mucormycosis patient is examined at a hospital in Navi Mumbai, India, on May 25. Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, appears to be spreading among Covid-19 patients in India. Photo: EPA-EFE
The second grisly wave of Covid-19 across India is teaching a number of unwelcome and unexpected lessons. I don’t just mean the price we pay for complacency, the distressing consequences of a collapse in a country’s health care system, or the appalling discovery that the world’s largest manufacturer of vaccines has been unable to vaccinate itself at scale.
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I’m talking about black fungus, or mucormycosis, which has emerged as a nightmare inside the pandemic in India.

It is an alert that our next pandemic need not be viral or bacterial, but could be from a fungus like mucormycosis that eats us from inside, not because it is infectious in its own right, but because it has been given a free ride into our bodies once our immune systems have been compromised by something else.

The fungal threat is huge not because we are being confronted by something new, and against which we have no immunity, but because it has always coexisted with us.

The farm sector has been alert to fungal threats for centuries. From the potato blight that caused the great Irish famine in the 1840s to the coffee leaf rust that, in the 1870s, wiped out coffee in South Asia, leaving it to survive in Central and South America, fungi have always been a clear and present danger.

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The black fungus nightmare facing India’s coronavirus patients

The black fungus nightmare facing India’s coronavirus patients
Even today, up to one-fifth of our food crops are lost every year to fungi, according to Maryn McKenna in Scientific American. Bananas worldwide are threatened by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, with lesser threats to cacao, spices, mangoes and nuts.
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