Earlier this month, Beijing announced a 7.2 per cent boost this year for its defence spending, the second-highest in the world behind the US, as part of the country’s decades-long mission to modernise and transform its military.

Burn said technology was “at the heart of the battle” between the world’s two largest economies, with rivalries ranging from artificial intelligence to machine learning to quantum sciences and biotechnology.

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These things would shape the global economy but also lead to new military technologies that would “define the balance of power in the future”.

Burns said the Biden administration acted “with a great sense of purpose” in restricting China’s access to advanced US technology and semiconductors for use in artificial intelligence, among other things.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi last week slammed the US for its suppression of China. Washington’s technology-related restrictions had reached “bewildering levels of unfathomable absurdity”, he said.

But Burns hit back on Friday, saying China had similar policies restricting the export of certain “core” technologies to protect its national security interests.

China-US relations have soured dramatically in recent years, with sharp differences on a range of issues from human rights to then-House speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan and an alleged Chinese spy balloon. But both sides are seeking to improve ties and restore high-level engagements.

Burns said the meeting in November between President Joe Biden and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping led to a “relatively more stable relationship”. Earlier, China’s top diplomat Wang said there were “some improvements” to ties after the meeting.

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Xi Jinping, Joe Biden hold talks on sidelines of Apec summit to ease strained US-China ties

Xi Jinping, Joe Biden hold talks on sidelines of Apec summit to ease strained US-China ties

The US ambassador said Washington’s view of the Xi-Biden summit was that it had been “very productive”.

“It didn’t resolve many of the outstanding differences on major issues but … it confirmed the judgment of both countries that … we are competitors. It’s very important that we have constant communications,” he said.

“This relationship remains highly competitive. We will very likely be systemic rivals well into the next decade. It’s very important that we manage the differences between us responsibly.”

During the hour-long seminar, Burns also dismissed the suggestion that China is rising while the US is in decline, citing his country’s strong economic performance and low unemployment and inflation rates.

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The US has also been a leader in technology and education, while its alliances in the Indo-Pacific region have grown stronger, including with the Philippines, according to Burns.

“We don’t agree with those in the Chinese leadership who say that the East is rising and the West is declining. That’s not how we see our power position in the Indo- Pacific,” he said.

“There’s just no way that anybody can make the charge that somehow the United States is declining. We are strengthening both strategically, militarily as well as economically.”

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Tensions remain high in the resource-rich waterway – which China claims almost in its entirety – with a series of recent clashes between Philippine and Chinese vessels. The dispute has drawn Manila closer to Washington, with Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jnr set to meet US Secretary of State Antony Blinken next week.

“We want to see obviously peace prevail and we want to see China cease and desist from its provocative actions. We hope very much that this will be a quieter next few months, but we’ve been very decisive and very clear about our support for the Philippines,” Burns said.